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Weblog del prof. Antonio Núñez Aldazoro (UCV)

Discusión, lenguaje y política

Discusión, lenguaje y política

Tomado de lanacion.com

Por Silvia Hopenhayn

La palabra discusión, en francés, no genera disturbios. Es un encuentro de ideas, un intercambio sostenido por el rigor y la buena escucha.

Los franceses se lo pasan discutiendo, en los bares, la panadería ( baguette en mano) o a la salida del cine. Hasta para finalizar el bachillerato, se realiza una discussion por escrito, como si fuera un género digno de practicarse a lo largo de la vida.

¿Y en qué consiste? Antes que nada en ponerse de acuerdo. No hace falta mantener ningún tipo de idilio ideológico ni pertenecer a una misma disciplina, pero sí es necesario atender al objeto del debate y no a las ganas de triunfar sobre la palabra del otro.

No se trata de un empacho retórico. Discutir es rondar sobre un tema, como quien esculpe en busca de una forma. Así, una buena discusión culmina en un encuentro y la mejor de las veces en un hallazgo.

Quizá con este ánimo, Katz Editores ha lanzado su colección Discusiones , ya bastante nutrida.

Uno de los últimos libros publicados resulta del mítico cruce entre el filósofo Michel Foucault y el lingüista norteamericano Noam Chomsky, en la década del setenta, La naturaleza humana: justicia versus poder .

Chomsky, fundador de la gramática generativa y, actualmente, reconocido por sus polémicas intervenciones sobre la política de los Estados Unidos, entabla aquí un diálogo con el filósofo francés que renovó las concepciones teóricas acerca del poder, el saber y la locura.

Las fricciones que se producen revelan el cambio de paradigma que se estaba viviendo, y en el cual aún estamos inmersos. Esto dificulta el intercambio, ya que pareciera que las mismas palabras se refieren a distintas significaciones.

Ambos están de acuerdo en la necesidad de cambiar (corregir, torcer) el rumbo de la humanidad, pero disienten en cuanto a las herramientas para lograrlo. A pesar de su crítica severa y sesuda, Chomsky aún cree en una concepción humanista del mundo, por medio de la cual es posible hallar soluciones parciales, desmontando el aparato del poder. Foucault desconfía de cualquier intervención, arguyendo que nada de lo que se halle dentro de las instituciones puede cambiar el sistema.

La gran tensión -o complementariedad, según Foucault- se establecería entre Justicia y Poder. Para el francés, "Se hace la guerra para ganarla, no porque sea justa". Chomsky, en cambio, sostiene que la justicia puede llevarse a cabo, incluso en un sistema que tiende a corroerla.

Donde mayormente prospera el encuentro es en el plano del lenguaje. Ambos concuerdan en la práctica del lenguaje como ejercicio de la libertad.

Y es quizá la libertad que se siente al leer esta "discusión". Resulta muy distinto escuchar a dos pensadores hablar sobre política que a dos políticos hablar sobre lo que piensan.

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ALacourtt -

... En mis frecuentes discusiones con mi alter ego, se me hace más lejana la idea de Libertad!